YUSOSEN!
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(TOHO MARU as a prewar Iino Shoji tanker)
IJN TOHO MARU:
Tabular Record of Movement
© 2004-2018 Bob Hackett and Peter Cundall.
Revision 12
1 May 1936:
Kobe. Laid down as a 9,997-ton merchant tanker by Kawasaki for Iino Shoji K.K.
31 October 1936:
Launched and named TOHO MARU. [1]
24 December 1936:
Completed and registered in the port of Maizuru.
1936:
Completes three short voyages under charter to the IJN.
1937:
Completes nine voyages; five under charter to the IJN, two for Chosen Sekiyu oil companies, one for Mitsui Bussan and one for Nippon Sekiyu.
1938:
Completes nine voyages; eight under charter to the IJN and one for Chosen Sekiyu.
29 September 1938:
Arrives at the Panama Canal from Yokohama in ballast. Transits the canal and departs for Puerto Mexico, Mexico the same day.
10 October 1938:
Arrives at the Panama Canal from Puerto Mexico, Mexico, with 10677 tons fuel oil. Transits the canal and departs for Yokohama the same day.
1939:
Completes 14 voyages; 11 under charter to the IJN, two for Chosen Sekiyu and one for Sekiyu Kyohan.
1940:
Completes 11 voyages; seven for the IJN, one for Mitsui Bussan, two for Chosen Sekiyu and one for Nippon Sekiyu.
1941:
Completes five voyages; all for Toa Sekiyu Kyokai.
13 March 1941:
The owners' name is restyled as Iino Kaiun K.K.
20 August 1941:
TOHO MARU is requisitioned by the IJN. Registered as a Converted Transport (Oil supply) in the Yokosuka Naval District.
20 September 1941:
Captain (Rear Admiral, posthumously) Niimi Kazutaka (40)(former CO of TAMA) is posted as the Commanding Officer.
24 September 1941:
Yokohama. Begins conversion to a Navy Replenishment oiler at Mitsubishi Zosen.
3 October 1941:
The conversion is completed.
27-28 October 1941:
The Chief of Staff 1st Air Fleet, Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Kusaka Ryunosuke (41)(former CO of AKAGI) arranges for oilers TOHO and SHINKOKU MARUs to join the 1st Air Fleet by about 10 November. In the meantime, the two oilers are equipped for refueling at sea. The equipment includes special fenders and lines.
18 November 1941: The Hawaii Operation:
Departs Saeki. Seven oilers are assigned to the Hawaii Operation, but the IJN’s practical experience in refueling at sea is almost nil. Earlier in the month, three refueling exercises were held in Sukumo Bay and the Ariake Sea. Now, while enroute to the Kuriles, all units in the carrier formation are refueled ten times.
26 November 1941:
Etorofu Island, Kuriles. TOHO MARU departs Hitokappu Bay with Captain (Rear Admiral posthumously)Niimi Kazutaka's (40) Supply Group No. 2's oiler TOEI MARU and Captain Ota Masanao's (39) Supply Group No. 1's oilers KYOKUTO, KOKUYO, KENYO, NIPPON and SHINKOKU MARUs. Provides fuel for Vice Admiral (Admiral, posthumously) Nagumo Chuichi's (36) Carrier Striking Force ("Kido Butai") CarDiv 1's AKAGI, KAGA, CarDiv 2's HIRYU and SORYU, CarDiv 5's SHOKAKU and ZUIKAKU and the Support Force.
The Support Force consists of Vice Admiral Mikawa Gunichi's (38) BatDiv 3/1's HIEI and KIRISHIMA, Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Abe Hiroaki's (39) CruDiv 8's TONE, CHIKUMA and Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Omori Sentaro's (41) DesRon 1's light cruiser ABUKUMA and DesDiv 17's ISOKAZE, URAKAZE, TANIKAZE and HAMAKAZE, DesDiv 18's ARARE, KASUMI, KAGERO and SHIRANUHI and CarDiv 5's AKIGUMO and Captain (later Rear Admiral) Konishi Kaname's (44) Midway Bombardment Unit's DesDiv 7's SAZANAMI and USHIO.
Nagumo's orders from Admiral (Fleet Admiral, posthumously) Yamamoto Isoroku, (32) CINC, Combined Fleet, are that if refueling proves impossible in the stormy winter waters of the Northern Pacific, Nagumo is to detach AGAKI, SORYU and HIRYU and his destroyers and make the attack with only KAGA, SHOKAKU and ZUIKAKU that need no refueling.
2 December 1941:
940 miles N of Midway Island. Nagumo’s Force receives the coded signal "Niitakayama nobore (Climb Mt. Niitaka) 1208" from the Combined Fleet. It signifies that X-Day hostilities will commence on 8 December (Japan time).
4 December 1941: [2]
TOHO MARU refuels the destroyer AKIGUMO with 95-tons of fuel.
5 December 1941: [2]
600 miles N of Oahu, Hawaii. At about 1130, after fleet refueling is completed, the 2nd Supply Group's oilers TOHO, NIPPON and TOEI MARUs and destroyer ARARE are detached from the Striking Force and turn towards a designated rendezvous point with the carriers for the retrurn trip to Japan.
6 December 1941: [2]
400 miles N of Oahu, Hawaii. At 0810, after refueling the Carrier Force, the 1st Supply Group's oilers SHINKOKU, KENYO, KOKUYO and KYOKUTO MARUs and destroyer KASUMI are detached and turn towards a designated rendezvous point with the carriers for the retrurn trip to Japan. The Striking Force increases speed to 24 knots and proceeds to Hawaiian waters to launch the attack.
Vice Admiral Nagumo dispatches ABUKUMA and DesDiv 17's TANIKAZE to Supply Group No. 1 at the rendezvous point following final refueling before the attack. At about 2100, the two warships reach the oilers, refuel and return with the oilers to the First Air Fleet.
7 December 1941: [2] Operation "Z" - The Attack on Pearl Harbor:
At 0618, the Carrier Striking Force launches attacks that later sink battleships USS ARIZONA (BB-39), USS OKLAHOMA (BB-37) and USS CALIFORNIA (BB-44) and damage USS NEVADA (BB-36), USS PENNSLYVANIA (BB-38), USS TENNESSEE (BB-43), USS MARYLAND (BB-46), USS WEST VIRGINIA (BB-49) and other smaller ships. 2,335 American servicemen die in the attack, most on ARIZONA. After recovering all but 29 of its aircraft lost in the attack, the Striking Force departs Hawaiian waters NNW towards Japan.
21 December 1941:
SSW of the Bonin Islands. The 2nd Supply Group's oilers TOHO, NIPPON and TOEI MARUs rendezvous with, and refuel, the Striking Force. That same day, seven destroyers of DesDiv 21 and DesDiv 27 from Tokoyama rendezvous with the 1st Air Fleet to provide additional ASW protection.
23 December 1941:
Arrives at Hashirajima.
27 December 1941:
Arrives at Kure.
12 January 1942:
Departs Hiro.
18 January 1942:
Arrives at Truk.
23 January 1942:
Arrives at Saiki, steams to Tokuyama and Kure and then Truk.
10 February 1942:
At Truk supplies carrier SHOHO with 910 tons of fuel oil and destroyer HOKAZE with an unknown quantity of fuel oil.
17 February 1942:
At 0625 supplies carrier SHOHO with fuel oil. Also supplies minelayer OKINOSHIMA with heavy oil.
20 February 1942: Operation “SR” – The Invasions of Lae and Salamaua, New Guinea:
Departs Truk. Later, provides refueling for CruDiv 6's AOBA, KINUGASA, FURUTAKA and KAKO and CruDiv 18's TENRYU and TATSUTA covering forces. Later returns to Truk.
24 February 1942:
Departs Truk.
1 March 1942:
Arrives at Yokosuka.
7 March 1942:
Departs Yokosuka.
15 March 1942:
At Truk. From 0907 till 0930 supplies minelayer OKINOSHIMA with heavy oil.
22 March 1942:
At Rabaul.
1 April 1942: Operation "C "– The Raids in the Indian Ocean:
Vice Admiral Ozawa Jisaburo's (37) (former CO of HARUNA) Second Expeditionary Fleet conducts raids against merchant shipping in the Bay of Bengal with CruDiv 4's CHOKAI, CruDiv 7's SUZUYA, KUMANO, MIKUMA and MOGAMI, CarDiv 4's light carrier RYUJO and SubRon 5's light cruiser YURA and destroyers AYANAMI, YUGIRI, ASAGIRI and SHIOKAZE.
10 April 1942:
Provides refueling support for Ozawa's forces returning from operations in the Indian Ocean.
27 April 1942:
At Truk.
30 April 1942:
Takes on 2730 tons fuel from tanker NISSHIN MARU No. 2 and 1000 tons from tanker OMUROSAN MARU.
1 May 1942: Operation "MO" - The Invasions of Tulagi and Port Moresby:
Sorties from Truk in support of the invasion of Tulagi with Vice Admiral (promoted that day/Admiral, posthumously) Takagi Takeo's (39)(former CO of MUTSU) Carrier Striking Force's CarDiv 5's ZUIKAKU and SHOKAKU, CruDiv 5's MYOKO and HAGURO, DesDiv 27's ARIAKE, YUGURE, SHIGURE, SHIRATSUYU and DesDiv 8's USHIO and AKEBONO.
4 May 1942:
In the morning from 0500, TOHO MARU refuels Takagi's ships.
6 May 1942:
In the afternoon, Takagi orders his Carrier Striking Force to turn northward. At slow speed, TOHO MARU refuels Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Hara Chuichi's (39)(former CO of TATSUTA) CarDiv 5's ZUIKAKU and SHOKAKU and Takagi's other ships.
7 May 1942: The Battle of the Coral Sea:
In the predawn hours, Rear Admiral Hara persuades Takagi to break off refueling and reverse course southwards. At 0700, Hara launches recon aircraft to find the Americans. At 0900, a plane spots a "carrier and heavy cruiser", actually oiler USS NEOSHO (AO-23) and destroyer USS SIMS (DD-409). Takagi's carriers then launch three waves of attack planes that sink USS SIMS and so damage USS NEOSHO that she has to be scuttled four days later.
At 1135, SBD dive-bombers and TBD torpedo-bombers from Rear Admiral (later Admiral) Frank Jack Fletcher’s (USNA ’06) Task Force 17's USS YORKTOWN (CV-5) and USS LEXINGTON (CV-2) find and sink Rear Admiral (Vice Admiral, posthumously) Goto Aritomo’s (38) light carrier SHOHO off Misima Island.
8 May 1942:
At 1030, USS YORKTOWN's SBDs find the Japanese carriers. At 1057, USS YORKTOWN's TBD torpedo-bombers attack SHOKAKU unsuccessfully, but her SDBs damage SHOKAKU and force her retirement. The ZUIKAKU’s air group suffers heavy losses.
Rear Admiral Hara's carrier bombers and attack planes attack Task Force 17 and damage both of Fletcher’s carriers. USS LEXINGTON is further damaged by gasoline vapors that ignite and trigger massive explosions. She has to be abandoned, then is scuttled by destroyer USS PHELPS (DD-360). The Battle of the Coral Sea halts the Japanese thrust toward Port Moresby and they cancel Operation MO.
10 May 1942:
Arrives at Shortland.
13 May 1942:
Departs Shortland escorted by destroyer SHIGURE.
14 May 1942:
At sea at 01.50S 156.40E from 1400 refuels heavy cruisers MYOKO (1205 tons), HAGURO (1513 tons) and destroyers SHIGURE, SHIRATSUYU and ARIAKE (total: 713 tons).
15 May 1942:
Returns to Truk now escorted by destroyers ARIAKE and SHIGURE.
17 May 1942:
At 1515 departs Truk.
23 May 1942:
TOHO MARU arrives at Yokosuka.
27 May 1942:
Departs Yokosuka for Hashirajima.
29 May-5 June 1942: Operation “MI” – The Battle of Midway:
TOHO MARU departs Hashirajima with Captain Ota's Supply Group No. 1’s oilers NIPPON, KYOKUTO, KOKUYO and SHINKOKU MARUs with Nagumo's Carrier Striking Force's CarDivs 1, 2, Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Abe Hiroaki's (39) Support Group's BatDiv 3/2's HARUNA, KIRISHIMA, CruDiv 8's TONE and CHIKUMA, Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Kimura Susumu's (40) DesRon 10 light cruiser NAGARA with NOWAKI, ARASHIO, HAGIKAZE, MAIKAZE, KAZAGUMO, YUGUMO, MAKIGUMO, URAKAZE, ISOKAZE, TANIKAZE and HAMIKAZE.
15 June 1942:
Arrives at Kure.
17 June 1942:
TOHO MARU is assigned to Vice Admiral Hosogaya Boshiro's (36) Northern Force to support the Western Aleutians campaign and attached to Rear Admiral (Vice Admiral, posthumously) Kakuta Kakuji's (39) Second Carrier Striking Force.
25 June 1942:
At 1630 arrives at Yokosuka with KYOKUTO MARU.
28 June 1942:
At 1500 departs Yokosuka.
30 June 1942:
Provides refueling support for a sortie from Ominato by Rear Admiral Kakuta's Second Carrier Striking Force that now consists of ZUIKAKU, RYUJO, JUNYO and ZUIHO. This force patrols S of Kiska until about 7 July.
10 July 1942:
TOHO MARU's assignment to the Northern Force is curtailed.
13 July 1942:
Arrives at Hiroshima Wan.
24 July 1942:
TOHO and SHOAN MARUs transit the Bungo Straits together.
7 August 1942: American Operation “Watchtower” – The Invasion of Guadalcanal, British Solomons:
Rear Admiral (later Admiral) Richmond K. Turner's (USNA ’08) Amphibious Task Force 62, covered by Vice Admiral (later Admiral) Frank J. Fletcher’s (USNA ’06) Task Force 61 and Rear Admiral (Admiral posthumously) John S. McCain's (USNA ’06) Task Force 63’s land-based aircraft, lands MajGen (later Gen/MOH/Commandant) Alexander A. Vandergrift’s 1st Marine Division on Florida, Tulagi, Gavutu, Tanambogo and Guadalcanal opening the campaign to retake the island.
14 August 1942:
Reassigned to the Guadalcanal Transport Replenishment No. 1 Group to support the Carrier Striking Force. Departs Yokosuka.
21 August 1942:
At sea with oiler TOEI MARU refuels carrier ZUIKAKU.
22 August 1942:
At sea in approx 02-36N 157-40E. Between 0745 and 1330 transfers heavy fuel oil to heavy cruiser SUZUYA.
26 August 1942:
At sea in approx 00-14N 158-30E. Between 0425 and 0920 transfers 1180 tons of fuel oil to heavy cruiser SUZUYA.
3 September 1942:
Arrives at Yokosuka.
7 September 1942:
Departs Yokosuka in convoy with tanker TOEI MARU bound for Truk. The ships sail at 15.5 knots.
17 September 1942:
At sea from 1720-2140 refuels battleship KIRISHIMA.
23 September 1942:
At Shortland refuels CruDiv 6 heavy cruisers AOBA, FURUTAKA and KINUGASA.
4 October 1942:
Transits the Bungo Straits in a convoy also consisting of tanker NISSHO MARU and later that day arrives at Kure.
9 October 1942:
Departs Hiro.
E 16 October 1942:
N of the Solomons. TOHO MARU makes a rendezvous with the Supply Group’s oilers TOEI, KYOKUTO and KOKUYO MARUs to provide refueling for Nagumo's Third Fleet, Striking Force, CarDiv 1's SHOKAKU, ZUIKAKU and ZUIHO, CruDiv 7’s KUMANO and destroyers AMATSUKAZE, HATSUKAZE, TOKITSUKAZE, YUKIKAZE, ARASHI, MAIKAZE, TERUZUKI and HAMAKAZE.
17-24 October 1942:
N of the Solomons. Destroyer NOWAKI arrives from Shortlands. The Supply Force refuels the fleet at sea. The TOHO MARU is engaged in refueling operations for eight consecutive days. [3]
17 October 1942:
At sea in 00-35N 162-15E (noon position) between 1625 and 2350 TOEI MARU transfers heavy fuel to heavy cruiser KUMANO and from 2017 TOHO MARU transfers fuel to heavy cruiser SUZUYA. From 2050 to 0317 TOHO MARU transfers 1630 tons fuel to heavy cruiser CHIKUMA.
18 October 1942:
At 0317 refuelling of CHIKUMA concludes. At 0600 refuelling of SUZUYA concludes.
21 October 1942:
At sea in 02-56N 162-46E (noon position). Early in the morning refuels heavy cruiser MYOKO. Between 1025 and 1220 TOHO MARU transfers 395 tons of heavy fuel to heavy cruiser SUZUYA, then between 1623 and 2010 transfers 465 tons of heavy fuel to heavy cruiser KUMANO.
24 October 1942:
At sea in 03-47S 164-15E. Between 1046 and 1300 TOHO MARU transfers 512 tons of fuel to heavy cruiser SUZUYA, and between 1323 and 1555 transfers 415 tons of fuel oil to heavy cruiser KUMANO.
26 October 1942: The Battle of Santa Cruz:
Nagumo's Carrier Strike Force engages Task Force 16's USS ENTERPRISE (CV-6) and Task Force 17's USS HORNET (CV-8) in an air battle. Nagumo's planes sink USS HORNET and damage USS SOUTH DAKOTA (BB-57) and USS SAN JUAN (CL-54).
30 October 1942:
Arrives at Truk.
6 November 1942:
Arrives at Kure.
15 November 1942:
Departs Hiro for Tarakan and Balikpapan. Joined by torpedo boat HATO off Sata Misaki and escorted to 31-55N, 132-15E.
25 November 1942:
Being escorted by destroyer ARIAKE in SE Pacific area.
26 November 1942:
Captain Nakazato Ryuji (39) (former CO of NAKA) is appointed Supervisor. Captain Niimi is reassigned to the Yokosuka Naval District.
15 December 1942:
At 1800 scheduled to depart Rabaul escorted by destroyers MICHISIO and ARASHIO.
16 December 1942:
At 0545 TOHO MARU now escorted by destroyer MOCHIZUKI and ASASHIO arrives at Kavieng. From 0630 to 1000 bunkers heavy cruiser KUMANO, and from 1030 to 2355 bunkers heavy cruiser SUZUYA.
7 January 1943:
Met by destroyer SAMIDARE at 06-53N 150-30E and escorted to Truk.
8 January 1943:
Arrives at Truk.
30 January 1943:
At 0800 TOHO MARU departs Truk escorted by destroyer OYASHIO.
31 January 1943:
At 1030, having detached, OYASHIO arrives back at Truk.
22 February 1943:
At 1510 destroyer ARIAKE departs Truk to meet inbound tanker TOHO MARU.
12 March 1943:
At Truk between 0925 and 1132 TOHO MARU transfers 3357 tons of bunker fuel to heavy cruiser SUZUYA.[NB amount appears very large and no tons shown]
13 March 1943:
Departs Truk escorted by destroyer ARIAKE.
16 March 1943:
At 0800, arrives at Saipan from Truk.
17 March 1943:
At 1400, departs Saipan for Palau.
29 March 1943:
Macassar Strait, Celebes. At about 0400, LtCdr (later Rear Admiral) William S. Post’s (USNA ’30) USS GUDGEON (SS-211) attacks a convoy. In a night surface attack, Post fires six torpedoes and claims four hits on TOHO MARU. She sinks between Tarakan and Samarinda, Borneo at 00-30N, 118-26E. Casualties are unknown. Captain Nakazato survives the sinking and is later posted CO of MOGAMIGAWA MARU.
USS GUDGEON continues chasing the convoy. About noon that day, LtCdrPost attacks and damages oiler KYOEI MARU No. 2 at 00-54N, 119-01E.
1943:
Removed from the Navy List.
Authors' Note:
[1] In terms of appearance, all of Kawasaki's tankers were subtly different. It can be argued that TOHO MARU belonged in the same class as TATEKAWA and NIPPON MARUs. Her funnel casing was larger and her amidships derrick posts faced aft, not forward. On the other hand, some western merchant ship authorities grouped TOHO MARU with TOA and KYOKUTO MARUs. In western convention, it is appearance and not engine size that determines class.
[2] Hawaiian time.
[3] On 1 Nov '42, Captain Niimi visits classmate Vice Admiral (promoted that same day) Ugaki Matome (40)(former CO of HYUGA), Chief of Staff, Combined Fleet aboard flagship YAMATO at Truk. Niimi notes that TOHO MARU has refueled over 400 ships and transfered over 110,000-tons of fuel since the Hawaiian Operation.
Thanks goes to Allan Alsleben of Oregon and to Gilbert Casse of France for his contribution to revisions. Thanks also go to Robert MacArthur of CA and the Matthew Jones of Missisippi, USA, the latter for help in identifying COs.
- Bob Hackett and Peter Cundall.
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